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[left.htm] | Last modified: October 2009
Good news! My new APEC 2010 seminar has been accepted. I will conduct it in Palm Spring next February. I you wanna learn how to build tye 1, 2 and 3 compensators using op amps, OTAs or TL431, this is the place to be. See you there!
This website has been re-vamped further to the release of my new book, "Switch-Mode Power Supplies: SPICE Simulations and Practical Designs". Another book on power electronics you say? Not really. In the technical litterature, you either have books that are purely academicals and offer in-depth analysis of converters, unfortunately without the essential links to the market reality. You also have purely practical books that pull equations out of thin air without any theoretical grounds. This book bridges both approaches and will hopefully please the power electronic student and the design engineer, both looking for analytical explanations but also for practical solutions when facing customer demands. This book is really about power supplies designs, with SPICE as a design companion. It covers dc-dc but also ac-dc converters. By the way, the ac-dc conversion in offline converters is made by the diodes bridge and the capacitor, the downstream converter is always a dc-dc, isn't it? Press release for the book announcement in French, English, German, Mandarin and Japanese!! (Xiè-xie to Patrick Wang and arigatô gozaimasu to Iguchi-san!)
The book is now available in simplified Chinese. Thank you to Mr Zhangde Lu who translated the whole book in a record time! Mr Lu is a teacher in Shaoxing university in China. The book is available from Publishing House China and an Amazon link will soon be posted below. The book is organized in eight chapters covering the following subjects: Chapter 1: this chapter starts with the basics of dc-dc conversion, starting step by step with linear regulators, to derive essential formulas such as closed-loop impedances or closed-loop input rejection. Then the classical buck, boost, buck-boost are analyzed in CCM/DCM and critical modes until an input filter is needed. There, discover the effects of the filter addition and learn how to compensate the converter while still attenuating the input noise (95 pages). Chapter 2: small-signal modeling is really an important topic if you want to be serious about power supply designs. The chapter starts by showing what State Space Averaging is all about and how complicated it can come. The, the PWM switch model is introduced and three new versions are derived: auto-toggling DCM/CCM voltage-mode and current-mode models, with sub harmonic prediction in CCM for the later. Of course, these models are large signal ones and operate in dc, ac and transient analysis. Finally, a borderline model is derived, later used in PFC stages. This 100-page chapter really explains how these models were derived and how to use them for your studies (146 pages). Chapter 3: loop control is always hard to understand for some new comers. I've strived to make things look simple, explaining how the k factor was derived and showing that, sometimes, it cannot be a panacea to use it. I propose different equations to let you manually select the poles and zeros, right crossing over at the desired point. Also, in most of the books, only op amps are used to illustrate compensation. In this book, I derived transfer functions of TL431 for type 2 and 3 compensators and I show how the optocoupler pole can affect the phase margin (100 pages). Chapter 4: this is where you will learn how to build your basic subcircuit blocks and how to construct your new models, if necessary. For instance, how to model the error amp of the UC384X family. Understand the differences between syntaxes and learn how to write in-line equations. A section specifically details the derivation of a magnetic model, based on non-linear junctions. See how to wire generic models in various configurations. Learn how to extract physical data from a transformer to later pass them to a subcircuit (66 pages). Chapter 5: in this chapter, we cover the design of dc-dc converters, the classical structures, in both voltage-mode and current mode configurations. There are small-signal analysis and transient studies in all cases The front-end filter section is also analyzed with input ripple specification targets (84 pages). Chapter 6: rectifying the sinusoidal mains is a section common to all ac-dc converters. After all, the diode bridge and the capacitor are the elements that really perform the ac to dc conversion. The downstream converter is still a dc-dc, no? This chapter covers the classical diode bridge configurations then introduces passive power factor correction, quickly followed by active power factor correction. The most popular topologies are covered and there are several design examples. An extensive usage of the average models is made here, leading to extremely short simulation times (88 pages). Chapter 7: it is time to describe the isolated buck-boost also called the flyback converter. This chapter covers a lot of techniques pertinent to the flyback converter, what is the leakage inductor role, how it affects the drain voltage excursion and how you can use its presence in active clamp versions etc. The design section contains useful tricks to limit the converter power capability at high line for instance or to compensate the leakage spike on the auxiliary winding. There are three designs, among which a multi-output borderline converter using the new BCM average model, also described in the book (160 pages). Chapter 8: the forward converter is widely used in ATX power supplies (the so-called silver box) where the 2-switch configuration excels in 250 to 400 W applications. The chapter explores the various reset methods and introduces you to multi-output configuration through mag amps, or synchronous rectifiers. A complete design example is proposed at the end of the book (129 pages). CDROM: the CDROM found with the book contains some of the most popular demonstration versions of currently available simulation softwares. I strived to give away almost all the examples of the book in OrCAD/PSpice and ICAPS/IsSpice formats. Some of the distributed versions also feature examples kindly translated by the software editors themselves. This is the case for uCap, TINA, Multisim, B2 Spice, 5Spice. Other demos include Power 4-5-6, Transim and TopSpice. I updated the Excel file dedicated to the k-factor to which TL431-based configurations have been added. Distributed libraries: I purposely created specific application circuits that are not given away with the book. The library I am separately distributing includes the UC384X (UC3842/UC3843/UC3844/UC3845 SPICE models) precisely modeled and implemented in a lot of application examples. The same applies for Power Factor Correction circuits, ready to go on several platforms. The library and application circuits are available in different formats that are Micro Cap, TINA, OrCAD and IsSpice. You can download an application listing to check what is inside these libraries - also available for TINA and Micro Cap - OrCAD or IsSpice. Please drop me a line to my address: cbasso@wanadoo.fr ("SPICE library" as the subject ) to learn about this package and how to get it. I am currently setting up a distribution network for these files. I also have participated to the development of a more comprehensive library file with AEi Systems. There are currently more than 200 PWM IC models in this file and you can obtain a detailed quotation and information via this link. So what? Yes, I know, there is place for more and there are subjects that I did not cover. However, this last book took me three years to finish and I felt I was writing a new never ending story... : ) I therefore kept interesting stuff for a next edition, in a few years from now. For instance, I will show where the phase margin value come from and how to analytically link the crossover frequency and the phase margin to the converter output impedance. Feedback Please, forgive me in advance in case you find errors, mistakes or typos, despite all the efforts in trapping them, there might still be some left, even further to thorough corrections ran by numerous reviewers. I will maintain a list of collected remarks, with credits to authors that have found them! The file will regularly be updated. Also, if you liked the book, please drop me a line and I will post some comments there or fill up the forms on the vendor sites. Merci in advance! The corrections file for the first print is here. There is a second print recently released and the corresponding corrections file is here. The on-going corrections for the next print are there. Reviews The US IEEE Power Electronic Society has reviewed my book and published its comments in the PELS April newsletter. An article has been published in Power Electronics Designs, written by Dr. Ray Ridley and published in the April 08 issue. A review from Design/Analysis Consultants, Inc. where the book is recommended! An excerpt has been published online in Power Management Design line. The book appears in the "Best Power Supply Design Books" directory in SMPSTech webpage Dr. Yan-Fei Liu from Queen's University (Canada) published a review in the Canadian section of IEEE. The book is still one of the best sales for technical books at ISSCC Conference 2009. Read this excerpt. The book distributors: Amazon (France) Amazon (US) Amazon (Canada) Amazon (Japan) Amazon (Germany) Amazon (UK) Barnes & Noble DangDang (China) Amazon (China) Infibeam (India) Fishpond (New-Zealand) Fishpond (Australia) There are several reviews you can read in the Amazon US website to learn about the book acceptance by engineers. SPICE sites and power supply sites: Lazar's Power Electronics Guide : a great site compiling a lot of useful resources for the power supply designer. PowerEsim : if you want to design your power supply online, this is the link to follow. How2Power : a site maintained by David Morrison, former PET editor, which deals with power electronics Vatche Vorperian Consulting : the consulting site of Monsieur Vorpérian himself! Ridley Engineering: Dr Ridley's website where a lot of useful tips and tricks are available to designers About SPICE.com: a site dedicated to SPICE users worldwide with news etc. LTSpice group users: the user group of Linear Technology free SPICE simulator, LTSpice AEi Systems: a consulting engineering firm on SPICE modeling and worse case analysis Design/Analysis Consultants: a consulting firm specialized in worse case analysis and design robustness Presentations and papers to download An average model for the phase shifted converter, C. Basso: this document shows how I built an auto-toggling average model for the phase shifted converter. The model exists in IsSpice but also in PSpice. Both average and generic cycle-by-cycle models are available in ready-to-use templates describing a 12-V/25-A power converter. They are part of the distributed library files. APEC 2009, 3-hour professional seminar held in Washington DC, C. Basso: this presentation teaches you where phase margin and crossover frequency come from and guides through the stabilization process of a dc-dc converter.
I am on the left, on the ON Semiconductor booth at APEC 2009. The other fellow is my friend Larry Jenck. The TL431 in loop control, C. Basso: the TL431 is never studied as a part of the compensator in control theory books. However, this is a market reality, op amps are rarely used! Go through this new series of articles and learn how the TL431 works and how you can use it in a variety of configurations. Selecting the cross-over frequency in relationship to the converter output impedance, C. Basso: this paper teaches how the cross-over frequency affects the output impedance of the converter you want to stabilize. The link between the open-loop phase margin and the closed-loop quality coefficient , C. Basso: this paper explains the relationship between the open-loop phase margin you select and the resulting transient response you can obtain. The PWM switch operated in Borderline Conduction, current-mode, C. Basso: this paper shows how to get the small-signal model of a flyback converter operated in the so-called quasi-resonant mode. The RHPZ, a two-way control path, C. Basso: the Right-Half-Plane-Zero plagues the flyback or the boost converters operated in CCM. This paper explores the origins of the RHPZ. Stability Analysis in multiple loop systems, S. Conseil, N. Cyr, C. Basso: a TL431 combines a fast and a slow lane. How to measure the total loop gain combining both lanes is the object of this paper. "The PWM switch in transitioning models": this document was presented in PCIM 2005 and covers the history of SPICE models. "The PWM switch concept...", PCIM 2005: this is the paper published in the PCIM proceedings. "Quasi-Resonant SPICE model eases loop design", PCIM 2003: this model uses CoPEC approach to model a QR controller. There are two associated models, in PSpice and IsSpice. "the forward converter small-signal gains": a short PowerPoint which shows how my new models match calculations in both VM and CM for a forward converter. New models to download LTSpice models: Charles Denton has been kind enough to translate the PWM switch models in LTSpice. Yes, it is obvious, you need a good book to understand how to use them... ;-) VerilogA models: the PWM switch model working in VerilogA, nicely translated by Nico Cyr from ON Semi. Flyback current-mode automated calculation spreadsheet: this is a new automated software which calculates the TL431 elements to stabilize of a flyback converter operated in peak current mode control. The software includes mode transition, sub harmonic poles and optocoupler pole contribution. Check it out! Switch Mode Power Supply Cookbook - download files
SPICE editors links Intusoft - OrCAD - TINA - PSIM - Transim - Multisim - MicroCap - TopSpice - 5Spice - Beigebag - NL5 Power Electronics links with papers to download Fairchild Semi application notes Texas-Instruments / Unitrode Seminars Texas-Instruments / Unitrode Seminars another link Texas-Instruments / Unitrode - Magnetic Handbook Delta Electronics Triangle Park Dr Middlebrook documents related to his Design-Oriented Analysis course Queens Power Group Publications
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